Pediatric Pearls - March 31, 2026
PediatricPearls
Clinical insights for neonatal & pediatric care
March 31, 2026
Dr. Susannah F. Vanderpool, PharmD, MPH, BCPPS
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At-a-Glance This Week in 30 Seconds
Endotracheal poractant alfa did not reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in infants with critical bronchiolitis in a 232-patient sham-controlled phase 2 trial (median 64.9 h vs 62.0 h; p=0.86).1
Carbapenem use increases the risk of invasive fungal infection in extremely preterm and very low birth weight neonates, and fluconazole prophylaxis should be considered when additional fungal risk factors are present.
The FDA announced a nationwide Class II recall of approximately 89,000 bottles of Children's Ibuprofen Oral Suspension after consumer reports of a gel-like mass and black particles in the berry-flavored liquid.2
New & Notable BESS Trial: Endotracheal Surfactant in Critical Bronchiolitis
In a multicenter, sham-controlled, phase 2 trial of 232 infants younger than 26 weeks gestationally corrected age, endotracheal poractant alfa did not reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation compared with sham (median 64.9 h vs 62.0 h; geometric mean ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.84–1.24; p=0.86).1

Secondary outcomes including ventilation index, oxygenation index, oxygen saturation index, time to readiness for spontaneous breathing trial, and duration of PICU stay did not differ between groups. No deaths occurred in either arm, and air leak rates were equivalent at 1%.1

The safety profile of poractant alfa was similar to sham, with seven serious adverse events in six infants in the surfactant group versus six events in six infants in the sham group. These findings contrast with three earlier small trials (pooled n=79) that had favored surfactant for reducing IMV duration and improving gas exchange.1

Limitation: The dose regimen (200 mg/kg initial, then 100 mg/kg) may not be optimal for the complex pathophysiology of bronchiolitis compared with neonatal surfactant deficiency.

Clinical Implication
Routine early endotracheal surfactant administration should not be recommended for infants with critical bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation. Surfactant remains a potential rescue option only in scenarios such as proven severe surfactant deficiency or failure to meet oxygenation targets on conventional ventilation.
Clinical Pearl Carbapenem Use and Invasive Fungal Risk in Neonates

Meropenem disrupts protective flora and increases the risk of invasive fungal infection in extremely preterm and very low birth weight neonates who already carry multiple fungal risk factors. Fluconazole prophylaxis should be considered for neonates receiving carbapenems with additional risk factors such as central venous catheters or parenteral nutrition.

When to Consider Meropenem Stewardship Considerations
Prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure with treatment failure Avoid use when narrower spectrum agents are appropriate
Risk factors for MDR gram-negative organisms Reserve as a last-line agent across all age groups
Confirmed resistant infections Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae risk with overuse
Bottom line: Meropenem should be reserved for infants and children with prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, MDR gram-negative risk factors, or confirmed resistant infections. In neonates, concurrent fluconazole prophylaxis should be considered when additional fungal risk factors are present.
Pediatric Pulse Nationwide Recall of Children's Ibuprofen

Nearly 90,000 Bottles of Children's Ibuprofen Recalled Due to Foreign Substance

The FDA announced a Class II recall of approximately 89,000 bottles of Children's Ibuprofen Oral Suspension (100 mg/5 mL, berry flavor) manufactured by Strides Pharma for Taro Pharmaceuticals. The recall was initiated on March 2 after consumer reports of a gel-like mass and black particles in the liquid. Affected lot numbers are 7261973A and 7261974A (expiration January 31, 2027).2

What This Means in Practice
Advise caregivers to check for lot numbers 7261973A and 7261974A on Children's Ibuprofen Oral Suspension bottles and discontinue use immediately if found. The foreign substance may pose a choking hazard or cause gastrointestinal irritation.
References
  1. Semple MG, Donohue C, Price L, et al. Endotracheal surfactant for infants with life-threatening bronchiolitis (BESS): a randomised, blinded, sham-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Respir Med. Published online March 21, 2026.
  2. Nearly 90,000 bottles of children's ibuprofen recalled due to reports of foreign substances. CBS News. March 20, 2026. Accessed March 26, 2026. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/childrens-ibuprofen-recall-90000-bottles-fda/
Dr. Su
Board-certified neonatal & pediatric clinical pharmacist
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